Scroll back in time through our archives for previous CO News links.
We can learn from others mistakes and efforts to prevent poisoning.
Carbon monoxide safety, we are all in this together, now!
“We are all on a journey to mastering our inner peace.”
Raheem DeVaughn (1975, bio link)
How much carbon monoxide are you in when in any motor vehicle?
Did you know that many people do not measure the air they breathe?
Did you know that many people do not measure the air they breathe?
After prevention there is no greater awareness than measurement.
Awareness leads to quick thinking. Measurement leads to quick action.
Are you in the know?
Do I know enough about carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide poisoning to justify never knowing how much is in the air I breathe every day, everywhere I go?”
There are some people who want to be notified of the presence of carbon monoxide at levels or concentrations as soon as the gas is present, at concentrations well below those that can instigate poor health symptoms but not be high enough levels to sound the CO alarm they own.
There are some people who do not want to push a button on their CO alarm to see what low, aggravating levels of the poison might be in their home, or anywhere.
The most recommended CO Alarm in U.S. is a high level alarm
Standard for Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms
UL 2034
1.3 Carbon monoxide alarms covered by this standard are not intended to alarm when exposed to long-term, low-level carbon monoxide exposures or slightly higher short-term transient carbon monoxide exposures, possibly caused by air pollution and/or properly installed/maintained fuel-fired appliances and fireplaces…
Bob Dwyer Carbon Monoxide Safety Association
COSA provides Carbon Monoxide safety education and training.
Awareness leads to quick thinking. Measurement leads to quick action.
Are you in the know?
Do I know enough about carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide poisoning to justify never knowing how much is in the air I breathe every day, everywhere I go?”
There are some people who want to be notified of the presence of carbon monoxide at levels or concentrations as soon as the gas is present, at concentrations well below those that can instigate poor health symptoms but not be high enough levels to sound the CO alarm they own.
There are some people who do not want to push a button on their CO alarm to see what low, aggravating levels of the poison might be in their home, or anywhere.
The most recommended CO Alarm in U.S. is a high level alarm
Standard for Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms
UL 2034
1.3 Carbon monoxide alarms covered by this standard are not intended to alarm when exposed to long-term, low-level carbon monoxide exposures or slightly higher short-term transient carbon monoxide exposures, possibly caused by air pollution and/or properly installed/maintained fuel-fired appliances and fireplaces…
Bob Dwyer Carbon Monoxide Safety Association
COSA provides Carbon Monoxide safety education and training.
World Wide Reports - Pollution and Health Effects
Carbon Monoxide News Links –
More news links below (International Spelling; no edits)
Gas Explosion in Apartment House Leads to Discovery of Code Violations
Effingham's News Leader
A gas cooking stove exploded in an Effingham apartment building early Tuesday afternoon. The explosion didn't result in fires or injuries, but did result in the discovery of a number of code violations that will need to be addressed by the building's owner… (More)
Update
BC girl overcome by carbon monoxide while camping is recovering slowly
Vancouver Sun
KAMLOOPS - Lucille Beaurain died and daughter Micaela Walton, 10, was taken to B.C. Children’s Hospital in Vancouver after the pair was overcome with carbon monoxide May 18 while sleeping in their tent at the Sandy Point Beach campground in the Shuswap. - Mounties said a cooking pot used as a source of heat is believed to have been the source of the carbon monoxide poisoning. - The preteen is now at Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children in Vancouver, where she is undergoing physiotherapy. - This was preceded by a harrowing few days in the intensive-care unit and a stay in the children’s ward. (More)
Near-death experience turns technician into safety campaigner
Indian Weekender
Pritesh Kumar considers himself a fortunate man. The refrigeration technician was exposed to carbon monoxide while cleaning an evaporator in a cool room when he was overcome with the often-fatal poison. - Now, the Aucklander is on a mission to make everyone aware of the risks of the toxic gas. - In Pritesh’s situation, an LPG forklift was used to lift the technicians to the top of the evaporator unit; he did not realise it was running in the cool room. “It was almost silent; we couldn’t hear it going… “ (More)
Firefighters foil flames
Hornell Evening Tribune
At approximately 1:04 p.m., Hornell Firefighters were called to 45 Bennett St., after a neighbor walking by the house called and reported a detector activation at the location. - The incident was initially reported as a carbon monoxide detector activation, but a ladder truck, engine and car 94 arrived at the location within minutes, to discover that smoke was visible in some of the structure’s windows. - According to Captain Tom Hilfiger, further investigation determined that the fire was caused by an oven that was left on and unattended. (More)
Please Note: "Place a carbon monoxide alarm with a digital display on a seat in the motor vehicle when you are out driving in emergency snow conditions (or always for that specific). Harmful levels of carbon monoxide (CO) can penetrate inside a motor vehicle just due to prevailing winds and exhaust not moving away from the vehicle but under it. If you want to learn more about carbon monoxide, begin measuring it with a personal CO monitor everywhere you go." Bob Dwyer, CSME Carbon Monoxide Safety
Scroll Down For More of Today's CO & Air Quality News Links
Please, stop diagnostic errors; start testing for carboxyhemoglobin
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Video - Propane (LPG) tanks of any size can violently compound a structure fire – KEEP THEM OUTSIDE
BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) Demonstration - How it Happens Training Video--------
Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) Demonstration - How it Happens Training Video--------
Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience
Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is one of the main causes of poisoning in industrialized countries and it often leads to diagnostic errors…
Carbon monoxide intoxication.
Carbon monoxide intoxication.
nih.gov
However individuals with ischemic heart disease may experience chest pain and decreased exercise duration at COHb levels between 1% and 9%. COHb levels between 30% and 70% lead to loss of consciousness and eventually death…
Carbon Monoxide Safety Tips
However individuals with ischemic heart disease may experience chest pain and decreased exercise duration at COHb levels between 1% and 9%. COHb levels between 30% and 70% lead to loss of consciousness and eventually death…
Carbon Monoxide Safety Tips
National Fire Protection Association
… If the CO alarm sounds, immediately move to a fresh air location outdoors or by an open window or door. Make sure everyone inside the home is accounted for. Call for help from a fresh air location and stay there until emergency personnel….
NOTE: Listed U.L. 2034 & CSA 6.19 Carbon Monoxide Alarms
VISUAL DISPLAY:
Must not display under 30PPM in normal operation
AT 70, 150 & 400 PPM display must be accurate within plus or minus 30 Percent
SENSITIVITY TESTING: Resist alarming first times shown, must by second shown time
70PPM [PLUS OR MINUS 5PPM ... [BETWEEN 60 _ 240 MINUTES]
150PPM [PLUS OR MINUS 5PPM] ... [10 - 50 MINUTES]
400PPM [PLUS OR MINUS 10PPM ... [4 - 15 MINUTES]
“CITIZENS WILL CONTINUE TO DIE & BECOME SERIOUSLY ILL DAILY!”
George Kerr (1933-2017)
NOTE: Listed U.L. 2034 & CSA 6.19 Carbon Monoxide Alarms
VISUAL DISPLAY:
Must not display under 30PPM in normal operation
AT 70, 150 & 400 PPM display must be accurate within plus or minus 30 Percent
SENSITIVITY TESTING: Resist alarming first times shown, must by second shown time
70PPM [PLUS OR MINUS 5PPM ... [BETWEEN 60 _ 240 MINUTES]
150PPM [PLUS OR MINUS 5PPM] ... [10 - 50 MINUTES]
400PPM [PLUS OR MINUS 10PPM ... [4 - 15 MINUTES]
“CITIZENS WILL CONTINUE TO DIE & BECOME SERIOUSLY ILL DAILY!”
George Kerr (1933-2017)
More news links below –
We have all been CO poisoned, some more than others
We have all inhaled carbon monoxide. We are a world of fire users.
What is in the air you are breathing right now?
What will you be doing today; walking into poison?
Who will be responsible for the air you breathe?
We have all been CO poisoned, some more than others
We have all inhaled carbon monoxide. We are a world of fire users.
What is in the air you are breathing right now?
What will you be doing today; walking into poison?
Who will be responsible for the air you breathe?
You may be the only person who can prevent your own poisoning.
We are all vulnerable to carbon monoxide exposure and poisoning.
Everyone has been poisoned by CO and will be poisoned again. The degree of the poisoning depends upon allowing yourself to be in a situation where someone else controls the air you breathe and the mechanisms for alarming notification.
Please read the alarm information on the package and in the instructions that come with the carbon monoxide alarm. Know that if it is a U.L. 2034 Listed product (or CSA 6.19 Listed), it is a high level alarm that has been tested to alarm no sooner than 70 PPM at the lowest (the alarm must resist for one hour when above this level) and when over 400 PPM before 15 minutes at the highest concentration, after resisting alarming for 4 minutes when over this level.
Know when your fire department and emergency responders begin wearing their breathing apparatus and what their civilian evacuation levels are for carbon monoxide; it may be as soon as the gas is present in your presence. Pregnant women, infants & children, people with heart & respiratory struggles, those suffering depression or chronic headaches and all people of vulnerable health should be alerted as soon as the gas begins to concentrate, around 10 PPM (parts per million) or lower.
You most likely need a low level carbon monoxide detector to sound off when carbon monoxide hazards are just beginning, not after you’ve been exposed to levels that make you have headaches, flu-like symptoms, increased tiredness, heart stresses or worse.
Do not take risks with carbon monoxide. Take responsibility for the air you breathe and the combustion systems you are responsible for. If you don’t do it for yourself, do it for others, unless you think $45.00, high level protection is good enough.
Help prevent injuries and deaths; don’t guess about carbon monoxide. Measure carbon monoxide for safety and knowledge. The more you test the more you learn. GET BUSY
Measurement is continuing education at its best. Bob Dwyer, CSME Carbon Monoxide Safety
Everyone has been poisoned by CO and will be poisoned again. The degree of the poisoning depends upon allowing yourself to be in a situation where someone else controls the air you breathe and the mechanisms for alarming notification.
Please read the alarm information on the package and in the instructions that come with the carbon monoxide alarm. Know that if it is a U.L. 2034 Listed product (or CSA 6.19 Listed), it is a high level alarm that has been tested to alarm no sooner than 70 PPM at the lowest (the alarm must resist for one hour when above this level) and when over 400 PPM before 15 minutes at the highest concentration, after resisting alarming for 4 minutes when over this level.
Know when your fire department and emergency responders begin wearing their breathing apparatus and what their civilian evacuation levels are for carbon monoxide; it may be as soon as the gas is present in your presence. Pregnant women, infants & children, people with heart & respiratory struggles, those suffering depression or chronic headaches and all people of vulnerable health should be alerted as soon as the gas begins to concentrate, around 10 PPM (parts per million) or lower.
You most likely need a low level carbon monoxide detector to sound off when carbon monoxide hazards are just beginning, not after you’ve been exposed to levels that make you have headaches, flu-like symptoms, increased tiredness, heart stresses or worse.
Do not take risks with carbon monoxide. Take responsibility for the air you breathe and the combustion systems you are responsible for. If you don’t do it for yourself, do it for others, unless you think $45.00, high level protection is good enough.
Help prevent injuries and deaths; don’t guess about carbon monoxide. Measure carbon monoxide for safety and knowledge. The more you test the more you learn. GET BUSY
Measurement is continuing education at its best. Bob Dwyer, CSME Carbon Monoxide Safety
How ventilation mining curtains can keep miners safe
Mining Technology
From fires and dust explosions to gas emissions and windblasts, history tells us that the majority of mining accidents are ventilation-related. - Just seconds of breathing contaminated air such as carbon monoxide can have severe consequences. - While ventilation has no direct contribution to a mine’s production, failing to properly control airflow within a site can also lead to increased accidents and damage the health of workers, as well as decrease productivity and efficiency. (More)
Be cautious when returning to flood-damaged property, officials say
Van Buren Press Argus-Courier
Don’t return to disaster-impacted areas until local officials have given the all-clear to do so. - Second, check with local officials if you are unsure about whether your house or business is safe to enter or occupy. - If official signage is posted on the structure or a notification from officials warning that the structure has been compromised, don’t disregard that message. - Address the concern before re-entering or occupying, according to the news release. - Third, recognize that potential health and safety hazards after a disaster can include:
• Carbon monoxide poisoning from generators used to power homes or clean up equipment.
• Electrocution from stepping into water charged by live electric wires.
• Infections resulting from cuts or scrapes that come into contact with surfaces contaminated by floodwater.
• Chemical hazards from spills or storage tank leaks.
• Respiratory and heat-related illnesses.
(Read More)
Make sure to grill safely this summer
Escanaba Daily Press
Roughly 8,800 grill fires happen annually in the United States, causing $96 million in property damage and almost 17,000 emergency room visits, according to State Farm Insurance of Michigan and Ohio. - More than 80 percent are caused by malfunctioning or improperly used gas grills, State Farm reports. - With that in mind, experts offer these suggestions for safer grilling: (More)
Report on NSW air quality reminder of pollution's health impacts
RACGP
New South Wales’ declining air quality is likely contributing to poor health outcomes, a new report reveals. - The report reveals that NSW exceeded the national standards for coarse particle pollution (PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) more frequently and to higher levels and over more locations across the state than in 2017. - High levels of air pollutants are associated with respiratory problems such as bronchitis and asthma, and – in severe cases – developmental problems in children, and death. (More)
Mining Technology
From fires and dust explosions to gas emissions and windblasts, history tells us that the majority of mining accidents are ventilation-related. - Just seconds of breathing contaminated air such as carbon monoxide can have severe consequences. - While ventilation has no direct contribution to a mine’s production, failing to properly control airflow within a site can also lead to increased accidents and damage the health of workers, as well as decrease productivity and efficiency. (More)
Be cautious when returning to flood-damaged property, officials say
Van Buren Press Argus-Courier
Don’t return to disaster-impacted areas until local officials have given the all-clear to do so. - Second, check with local officials if you are unsure about whether your house or business is safe to enter or occupy. - If official signage is posted on the structure or a notification from officials warning that the structure has been compromised, don’t disregard that message. - Address the concern before re-entering or occupying, according to the news release. - Third, recognize that potential health and safety hazards after a disaster can include:
• Carbon monoxide poisoning from generators used to power homes or clean up equipment.
• Electrocution from stepping into water charged by live electric wires.
• Infections resulting from cuts or scrapes that come into contact with surfaces contaminated by floodwater.
• Chemical hazards from spills or storage tank leaks.
• Respiratory and heat-related illnesses.
(Read More)
Make sure to grill safely this summer
Escanaba Daily Press
Roughly 8,800 grill fires happen annually in the United States, causing $96 million in property damage and almost 17,000 emergency room visits, according to State Farm Insurance of Michigan and Ohio. - More than 80 percent are caused by malfunctioning or improperly used gas grills, State Farm reports. - With that in mind, experts offer these suggestions for safer grilling: (More)
Report on NSW air quality reminder of pollution's health impacts
RACGP
New South Wales’ declining air quality is likely contributing to poor health outcomes, a new report reveals. - The report reveals that NSW exceeded the national standards for coarse particle pollution (PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) more frequently and to higher levels and over more locations across the state than in 2017. - High levels of air pollutants are associated with respiratory problems such as bronchitis and asthma, and – in severe cases – developmental problems in children, and death. (More)
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Sit and rest a while; miss the children, prevent repeating this tragedy.
Corfu carbon monoxide deaths: Memorial unveiled in Horbury
BBC News - A memorial bench to two young children who died from carbon monoxide poisoning while on holiday in Corfu has been unveiled in West Yorkshire…
Corfu carbon monoxide deaths: Memorial unveiled in Horbury
BBC News - A memorial bench to two young children who died from carbon monoxide poisoning while on holiday in Corfu has been unveiled in West Yorkshire…
To all parents everywhere; grief's pain alerts others
Out of tragedy comes the light of love
Chester County Press
Inside, Carly and Daulton had passed away from carbon monoxide poisoning. The gas tank was empty and the ignition was still on. Fumes from the exhaust had been drawn into the car through the air vents… “One of the best things for me is to talk to parents who have also lost a child,” Donna said.
Out of tragedy comes the light of love
Chester County Press
Inside, Carly and Daulton had passed away from carbon monoxide poisoning. The gas tank was empty and the ignition was still on. Fumes from the exhaust had been drawn into the car through the air vents… “One of the best things for me is to talk to parents who have also lost a child,” Donna said.
VideoNex
In this informative and succinct video, learn how to identify and appropriately execute the use of a CO2 Fire Extinguisher…
CDC Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
New Movie Release 2015In this informative and succinct video, learn how to identify and appropriately execute the use of a CO2 Fire Extinguisher…
CDC Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Public domain video from CDC. Carbon monoxide (sometimes referred to as CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced ...
A well put together video is found with the next link, but remember: U.L. 2034 Listed CO Alarms are high level alarms. Use them for protection against acute levels, but be aware you can still experience symptoms of the poisoning even though the devices are in place.
DailyMotion
About Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
About Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
JEMS.com - ...site has been designed with this in mind – to create a visual, interactive, educational resource which can hopefully end incidents of carbon monoxide poisoning and save lives… For more information, please visit - www.thesilentkiller.co.uk
Who is responsible for the air you breathe?
Take control inside your homes.
-Link to: → CO alarm standards –
The lowest U.L. 2034 & CSA 6.19 carbon monoxide alarm test point is:
- 70 PPM to 149 PPM –resist one hour, must alarm before 4 hours
Please read the alarm information on the package and in the instructions. Know when your fire department and emergency responders begin wearing their breathing apparatus and what their civilian evacuation levels are for carbon monoxide; it may be before 70 PPM. It is for pregnant women, infants & children, the elderly and all people of vulnerable health. Bob Dwyer, CSME Carbon Monoxide Safety
- 70 PPM to 149 PPM –resist one hour, must alarm before 4 hours
Please read the alarm information on the package and in the instructions. Know when your fire department and emergency responders begin wearing their breathing apparatus and what their civilian evacuation levels are for carbon monoxide; it may be before 70 PPM. It is for pregnant women, infants & children, the elderly and all people of vulnerable health. Bob Dwyer, CSME Carbon Monoxide Safety
Tribute
George Kerr, a pioneer in smoke and carbon monoxide alarm manufacturing passed away in his home during the early morning of July 4, 2017. George will always be remembered for his passion to save lives and protect the health of people through low level carbon monoxide detection and alarming. He lived for over 84 years, beginning his career in fire safety in 1953. “We’ll never know how many lives we’re saving, but I know we are saving a few.” George E. Kerr (1933-2017)
George Kerr, a pioneer in smoke and carbon monoxide alarm manufacturing passed away in his home during the early morning of July 4, 2017. George will always be remembered for his passion to save lives and protect the health of people through low level carbon monoxide detection and alarming. He lived for over 84 years, beginning his career in fire safety in 1953. “We’ll never know how many lives we’re saving, but I know we are saving a few.” George E. Kerr (1933-2017)
- Carbon monoxide toxicity-Emergency Medicine Ireland
- Carbon Monoxide Survivor- Views from those who have been poisoned.
- Carbon Monoxide detection- National Fire Protection Association
- Carbon Monoxide Survivor- Views from those who have been poisoned.
- Carbon Monoxide detection- National Fire Protection Association
· Please take CARBON MONOXIDE SAFETY CARE during all holiday and everyday activities.
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U.S. Carbon Monoxide Laws for each state
National Conference of State Legislatures
As of March 2018, a majority of states have enacted statutes regarding carbon monoxide (CO) detectors, and another 11 have promulgated regulations on CO detectors. Alaska requires detectors approved by the state fire marshal be installed in all dwellings. Connecticut requires them in all new construction, as does New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Washington and West Virginia. Florida also requires them in new construction, and in every room with a boiler. Minnesota passed a law requiring detectors in motor boats.
CO Detectors in U.S. Homes
27 states and the District of Columbia require carbon monoxide detectors in private dwellings via state statute: Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia (via adoption of the International Residential Code), Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Certain states limit the installation to buildings with fossil-fuel burning devices, others only require the device be installed upon the sale of the property or unit.
Another 11 states require carbon monoxide detectors in private dwellings regulatorily through the adoption of the International Residential Code or via an amendment to their state’s building code: Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Virginia, and Wyoming.
CO Detectors in U.S. Schools
California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine and Maryland require carbon monoxide (CO) detectors in school buildings.
CO Detectors in U.S. Hotels and Motels
Fourteen states require the installation of carbon monoxide detectors in hotels and motels under the statute. - Three of those states (New Jersey, Vermont and Wisconsin) have complementary administrative regulations. - Two states (Kansas and Washington) have requirements through administrative regulations alone.
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Ontario Canada Carbon Monoxide Alarm Legislation
Ministry of Community Safety & Correctional Services
Hawkins-Gignac Act
Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997
National Conference of State Legislatures
As of March 2018, a majority of states have enacted statutes regarding carbon monoxide (CO) detectors, and another 11 have promulgated regulations on CO detectors. Alaska requires detectors approved by the state fire marshal be installed in all dwellings. Connecticut requires them in all new construction, as does New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Washington and West Virginia. Florida also requires them in new construction, and in every room with a boiler. Minnesota passed a law requiring detectors in motor boats.
CO Detectors in U.S. Homes
27 states and the District of Columbia require carbon monoxide detectors in private dwellings via state statute: Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia (via adoption of the International Residential Code), Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Certain states limit the installation to buildings with fossil-fuel burning devices, others only require the device be installed upon the sale of the property or unit.
Another 11 states require carbon monoxide detectors in private dwellings regulatorily through the adoption of the International Residential Code or via an amendment to their state’s building code: Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Virginia, and Wyoming.
CO Detectors in U.S. Schools
California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine and Maryland require carbon monoxide (CO) detectors in school buildings.
CO Detectors in U.S. Hotels and Motels
Fourteen states require the installation of carbon monoxide detectors in hotels and motels under the statute. - Three of those states (New Jersey, Vermont and Wisconsin) have complementary administrative regulations. - Two states (Kansas and Washington) have requirements through administrative regulations alone.
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Ontario Canada Carbon Monoxide Alarm Legislation
Ministry of Community Safety & Correctional Services
Hawkins-Gignac Act
Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997
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Red Cross - Disaster Relief to safely assist law enforcement, fire department, utility company, city, county and state authorities as repair and rebuilding moves forward. Bob Dwyer, CSME Carbon Monoxide Safety
Nationally, the Red Cross provides food and shelter to people affected by as many as 70,000 fires annually, or about one fire every eight minutes.
The following companies are acknowledged for their continued support of carbon monoxide safety education and this daily news blog. They may just have what you are looking for.
The Energy Conservatory
Masimo - see RAD 57
Mahugh Fire & Safety
ESCO Institute
TPI - Test Products International
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Nationally, the Red Cross provides food and shelter to people affected by as many as 70,000 fires annually, or about one fire every eight minutes.
The following companies are acknowledged for their continued support of carbon monoxide safety education and this daily news blog. They may just have what you are looking for.
The Energy Conservatory
Masimo - see RAD 57
Mahugh Fire & Safety
ESCO Institute
TPI - Test Products International
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